Law Optional

Constitution and Constitutionalism

• The distinctive features of the Constitution

Fundamental Rights

• Public interest litigation

• Legal Aid

• Legal services authority

Relationship between Fundamental rights, Directive principles and Fundamental duties

Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers

Governor and his powers

Supreme Court and High Courts

• Appointments and transfer

• Powers, functions and jurisdiction

Centre, States and local bodies

• Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States

• Local Bodies

• Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies

• Eminent domain — State property — common property — community property

  • Eminent domain

  • State property

  • Common property

  • Community property

Legislative powers, privileges and immunities

Services under the Union and the States

• Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative Tribunals

  • Recruitment and conditions of services

  • Constitutional safeguards

  • Administrative Tribunals

• Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions — Power and functions

• Election Commission — Power and functions

Emergency provisions

Amendment of the Constitution

Principle of Natural Justice

• Emerging trends and judicial approach

Delegated legislation and its constitutionality

Separation of powers and constitutional governance

Judicial review of administrative action

Ombudsman

• Lokayukta

• Lokpal

Nature and Definition of International Law

Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law

State Recognition and State Succession

• State Recognition

• State Succession

Law of the sea

• Inland Waters

• Territorial Sea

• Contiguous Zone

• Continental Shelf

• Exclusive Economic Zone

• High Seas

Individuals

• Nationality

• Statelessness

• Human Rights and procedures available for their enforcement

Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum

• Territorial jurisdiction of States

• Extradition

• Asylum

Treaties

• Formation

• Application

• Termination

• Reservation

United Nations

• Its principal organs

• Powers and functions

• Reform

Peaceful settlement of disputes — different modes

Lawful recourse to force

• Aggressions

• Self-defence

• Intervention

Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law

• International conventions

• Contemporary developments

Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non proliferation treaty, CTBT

• Legality of the use of nuclear weapons

• Ban on testing of nuclear weapons

• Nuclear non proliferation treaty

• CTBT

International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International Criminal Court

• International Terrorism

• State sponsored terrorism

• Hijacking

• International Criminal Court

New International Economic Order and Monetary Law

• WTO

• TRIPS

• GATT

• IMF

• World Bank

Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment

• International Efforts

General principles of Criminal liability

• Mens rea and actus reus

• Mens rea in statutory offences

Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment

• Kinds of punishment

• Emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment

Preparations and criminal attempt

General exceptions

Joint and constructive liability

Abetment

Criminal conspiracy

Offences against the State

Offences against public tranquility

Offences against human body

Offences against property

Offences against women

Defamation

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments

Plea bargaining

Nature and definition

Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability

• Liability based upon fault

• Strict liability

• Absolute liability

Vicarious liability including State Liability

General defences

Joint tort feasors

Remedies

Negligence

Defamation

Nuisance

Conspiracy

False imprisonment

Malicious prosecution

Consumer Protection Act, 1986

Nature and formation of contract / E-contract

Factors vitiating free consent

Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements

Performance and discharge of contracts

Quasi-contracts

Consequences of breach of contract

Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance

• Indemnity

• Guarantee

• Insurance

Contract of agency

Sale of goods and hire purchase

Formation and dissolution of partnership

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

Standard form contracts

Public Interest Litigation

Intellectual property rights — Concept, types / prospects

Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws — Concept, purpose / prospects

Competition Law — Concept, purpose / prospects

Alternate Dispute Resolution — Concept, types / prospects

Major statutes concerning environmental law

Right to Information Act

Trial by media