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Philosophy Optional

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  • Paper I

    • Plato and Aristotle

      • Ideas

      • Substance

      • Form and Matter

      • Causation

      • Actuality and Potentiality

    • Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz)

      • Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge

      • Substance

      • God

      • Mind-Body Dualism

      • Determinism and Freedom

    • Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume)

      • Theory of Knowledge

      • Substance and Qualities

      • Self and God

      • Scepticism

    • Kant

      • Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments

      • Space and Time

      • Categories

      • Ideas of Reason

      • Antinomies

      • Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God

    • Hegel

      • Dialectical Method

      • Absolute Idealism

    • Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein

      • Defence of Commonsense

      • Refutation of Idealism

      • Logical Atomism

      • Logical Constructions

      • Incomplete Symbols

      • Picture Theory of Meaning

      • Saying and Showing

    • Logical Positivism

      • Verification Theory of Meaning

      • Rejection of Metaphysics

      • Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions

    • Later Wittgenstein

      • Meaning and Use

      • Language-games

      • Critique of Private Language

    • Phenomenology (Husserl)

      • Method

      • Theory of Essences

      • Avoidance of Psychologism

    • Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger)

      • Existence and Essence

      • Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence

      • Being-in-the-world and Temporality

    • Quine and Strawson

      • Critique of Empiricism

      • Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons

    • Charvaka

      • Theory of Knowledge

      • Rejection of Transcendent Entities

    • Jainism

      • Theory of Reality

      • Saptabhanginaya

      • Bondage and Liberation

    • Schools of Buddhism

      • Pratityasamutpada

      • Kshanikavada

      • Nairatmyavada

    • Nyaya-Vaisheshika

      • Theory of Categories

      • Theory of Appearance

      • Theory of Pramana

      • Self, Liberation

      • God

      • Proofs for the Existence of God

      • Theory of Causation

      • Atomistic Theory of Creation

    • Samkhya

      • Prakriti

      • Purusha

      • Causation

      • Liberation

    • Yoga

      • Citta

      • Chittavritti

      • Kleshas

      • Samadhi

      • Kaivalya

    • Mimamsa

      • Theory of Knowledge

    • Schools of Vedanta

      • Brahman

      • Ishvara

      • Atman

      • Jiva

      • Jagat

      • Maya

      • Avidya

      • Adhyasa

      • Moksha

      • Aprithaksiddhi

      • Panchavidhabheda

    • Aurobindo

      • Evolution, Involution

      • Integral Yoga

  • Paper II

    • Socio-Political Philosophy

      • Social and Political Ideals

        • Equality

        • Justice

        • Liberty

      • Sovereignty

        • Austin

        • Bodin

        • Laski

        • Kautilya

      • Individual and State

        • Rights

        • Duties and Accountability

      • Forms of Government

        • Monarchy

        • Theocracy and Democracy

      • Political Ideologies

        • Anarchism

        • Marxism and Socialism

      • Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism

        • Humanism

        • Secularism

        • Multiculturalism

      • Crime and Punishment

        • Corruption

        • Mass Violence

        • Genocide

        • Capital Punishment

      • Development and Social Progress

      • Gender Discrimination

        • Female Foeticide

        • Land, and Property Rights

        • Empowerment

      • Caste Discrimination

        • Gandhi and Ambedkar

    • Philosophy of Religion

      • Notions of God

        • Attributes

        • Relation to Man and the World (Indian and Western)

      • Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western)

      • Problem of Evil

      • Soul

        • Immortality

        • Rebirth and Liberation

      • Reason, Revelation and Faith

      • Religious Experience

        • Nature and Object (Indian and Western)

      • Religion without God

      • Religion and Morality

      • Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth

      • Nature of Religious Language

        • Analogical and Symbolic

        • Cognitivist and Non-cognitive